Symmetric

The Grid Transposition Cipher is a method of encryption that involves rearranging the characters of a message based on a predetermined grid pattern. It is a type of transposition cipher, where the original letters of the plaintext are maintained, but their positions are altered to create the ciphertext.

The Giovanni Fontana Cipher, attributed to the Italian engineer and writer Giovanni Fontana in the 15th century, is an early example of a cryptographic method known as a homophonic substitution cipher.

The Enigma Cipher is one of the most famous cipher machines in history, developed by Arthur Scherbius in Germany in the early 1920s. Initially designed for commercial purposes, it quickly garnered attention from the German military, who adopted it for secure communication. The Enigma was extensively used by Nazi Germany during World War II to encode military communications, as its complex encryption was considered unbreakable at the time.

The Digraph cipher, often associated with the Playfair cipher developed by Charles Wheatstone in 1854, is a digraph substitution cipher that encrypts pairs of letters instead of single letters, increasing security over simple monoalphabetic ciphers. A 5×5 matrix is created using a keyword, in this case KEY, filling in the remaining letters of the alphabet in order (typically merging I and J into one cell). The plaintext is split into digraphs (two-letter pairs), padding with a filler letter like X if needed.

A Dice Cipher, also known as a Dice Cryptography or a Book Cipher, is a cryptographic technique that uses dice as a randomization tool to generate a series of numbers that correspond to words or characters in a pre-selected reference book. It is a form of polyalphabetic substitution cipher.

Here's a general overview of how a Dice Cipher works:

The Columnar cipher, also called the Columnar transposition cipher, is a classical cipher method used since at least the 16th century. Instead of substituting letters, it encrypts messages by rearranging their positions according to a key. The key is usually a word, and its letters determine the columns in which the plaintext is written row by row. Encryption then reads the columns in the order the key letters appear in the original key, rather than alphabetically, which affects the final ciphertext.

The Chaocipher is a unique and complex substitution cipher invented by the American cryptographer John F. Byrne in 1918. Unlike traditional ciphers with static alphabets, the Chaocipher uses two dynamically changing alphabets, called the left and right alphabets, which are permuted after encrypting each letter. This constantly evolving system ensures that the same plaintext letter encrypts to different ciphertext letters depending on its position, creating high diffusion and making cryptanalysis extremely difficult.

The Beaufort Cipher is a polyalphabetic substitution cipher that was invented by Sir Francis Beaufort in the 19th century. The cipher is closely related to the Vigenère Cipher but works slightly differently.