Alphabet

Gujarati is written using the Gujarati script, an abugida system derived from the ancient Brahmi script. It evolved alongside the Devanagari family of scripts and became standardized in its modern form during the 19th century, particularly for printing and commercial use in western India.

Hanzi is the traditional writing system used to represent the Chinese language through logographic characters rather than a standard alphabet. Its origins date back more than 3,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously used writing systems in the world. Early forms of Hanzi appeared on oracle bones during the Shang dynasty and gradually evolved into the standardized character forms used today.

Urdu is written using a modified form of the Perso-Arabic script, adapted over centuries to represent the phonetics of Indo-Aryan languages spoken across South Asia. The writing system developed from earlier Arabic and Persian influences and became strongly associated with Urdu literature during the Mughal period, when Persian culture and administration shaped the region.

Ukrainian is written using the Cyrillic script, a writing system that developed in the 9th–10th centuries and later adapted for East Slavic languages. The modern Ukrainian alphabet evolved from earlier Church Slavonic and Russian-influenced orthographies but became standardized in its current form in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Vai is a native West African writing system used primarily for the Vai language of Liberia and Sierra Leone. Unlike alphabetic systems where individual letters represent separate consonants or vowels, Vai is a syllabary, meaning each symbol represents an entire spoken syllable.

Serbian is written using both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, making it one of the few modern languages with two fully standardized writing systems used interchangeably in daily life. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was formally reformed in the 19th century by linguist Vuk Karadžić, who designed it around a simple principle: write as you speak, read as it is written.

N’Ko is a writing system created in 1949 by Solomana Kante for the Manding languages of West Africa, including Bambara, Maninka, and Dioula. It was designed specifically to give these languages a unified and phonetic writing system that reflects their spoken structure more accurately than Latin or Arabic-based scripts.

Mongolian is written using a modified form of the Cyrillic script, officially introduced in 1946 for use in the Mongolian People’s Republic. This writing system replaced the traditional Mongolian vertical script in everyday administration and education, aligning the language more closely with Soviet-era linguistic reforms.

Macedonian is written using a standardized form of the Cyrillic script, officially codified in 1945 following the establishment of modern Macedonian as a distinct South Slavic language. The alphabet was designed to closely match the phonetics of spoken Macedonian while removing redundant letters found in older Slavic orthographies.

Kazakh is written using a modified version of the Cyrillic script, adapted during the 20th century when Kazakhstan was part of the Soviet Union. The modern standardized Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet was officially established in 1940 to better represent the phonetics of the Kazakh language.