Befunge

Befunge, short for Befunge-93, was created in 1993 by Chris Pressey. Befunge is an esoteric, two-dimensional, stack-based programming language where code is arranged on a grid and the instruction pointer can move in multiple directions. It is primarily used for experimentation, education, and exploring unconventional programming paradigms. Developers can access Befunge via implementations such as the official Befunge Interpreter, which provides executables and source code for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Oz

Oz, short for Oz Programming Language, is a multiparadigm programming language created by Gert Smolka and colleagues at the Programming Systems Lab, University of Passau, in 1991. It is primarily used for teaching concepts in programming languages, research on constraint programming, and multiparadigm application development.

Tap Codes

Tap Code, short for Polybius Tap Cipher, is a simple substitution cipher used to encode messages by tapping sequences corresponding to letters in a 5×5 grid. It has been historically used in situations where audible or tactile signaling was necessary, such as in prisons or covert communication.