Underflow
/ˈʌn-dər-ˌfloʊ/
noun — “when numbers shrink so far they slip between the cracks of representation.”
Underflow is a condition in computing where a numeric value becomes too small to be represented accurately within a given format. It most commonly appears in floating-point systems, particularly those defined by IEEE 754, where numbers are stored using a finite number of bits for both magnitude and precision.
Overflow
/ˈoʊ-vər-ˌfloʊ/
noun — “what happens when a number tries to be bigger than the container pretending to hold it.”
Overflow is a condition in computing where a value exceeds the maximum representable range of a fixed-size numeric type. It occurs when an operation produces a result that cannot be stored within the allocated number of bits, especially in integer arithmetic, though it can also appear in floating-point systems in a different form.
Standard Error
noun — “the panic channel with purpose.”
Standard Error, commonly abbreviated as stderr, is a dedicated output stream used by programs to report errors, warnings, diagnostics, and status messages that are not part of normal program output. While it may look similar to ordinary printed text on a terminal, Standard Error exists for a very specific reason: to keep problems separate from results.