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Lisp, short for LISt Processing, was created in 1958 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lisp is one of the oldest high-level programming languages and is primarily used in artificial intelligence research, symbolic computation, and rapid prototyping of algorithms.

Scheme, short for Scheme Programming Language, is a minimalist, multi-paradigm dialect of Lisp designed for functional and symbolic programming. It is widely used in academic research, teaching, and scripting for language design experiments.