JPA
JPA, short for Java Persistence API, is a Java specification for managing relational data in Java applications using object-relational mapping (ORM). JPA itself is not a framework but a standard interface, implemented by frameworks like Hibernate, EclipseLink, and OpenJPA. It can be used in personal or business projects by including a JPA implementation via Maven, Gradle, or direct library downloads from jakarta.ee/specifications/persistence/.