Integer

/ˈɪn-tɪ-dʒər/

noun — “a number that refuses decimals, refuses ambiguity, and generally prefers to stay whole.”

Integer is a numeric type used in computing to represent whole numbers without fractional parts. Unlike floating-point values, integers are exact within their range: no rounding, no approximation, no hidden binary drift from rounding error. If a value is an integer, it is either fully representable or it simply does not fit.

Rounding Error

/ˈraʊn-dɪŋ ˈer-ər/

noun — “the tiny mismatch between what a number is, and what a computer can afford to remember.”

Rounding error is the difference between an exact mathematical value and its finite approximation when represented in a digital system. It appears whenever a number must be shortened, simplified, or forced into a format that cannot store infinite precision, especially in floating-point arithmetic.

Float

/floʊt/

noun — “a number that refuses to sit still, always sliding between precision and approximation depending on context.”

Float (short for floating-point number) is a numerical representation used in computing to approximate real numbers using a finite amount of memory. Unlike integer types, which represent whole numbers exactly, a float is designed to handle fractions, extremely large values, and extremely small values by storing numbers in a scientific-notation-like format.

Decimal

/ˈdes-ə-məl/

noun — “base ten… the number system humans picked mostly because we have ten fingers and nobody bothered to renegotiate.”

Octal

/ˈɒk-təl/

noun — “base eight, where binary gets bundled into neat little 3-bit packets and pretends that makes life simpler.”

Octal is a positional number system with base 8, using digits 0–7. It is most commonly encountered as a compact representation of binary data, where each octal digit corresponds exactly to a group of three bits. In practice, this makes it a slightly older but still elegant sibling to hexadecimal.

The core idea is simple: binary is verbose. Octal is a compression trick.