Orthography

Vai is a native West African writing system used primarily for the Vai language of Liberia and Sierra Leone. Unlike alphabetic systems where individual letters represent separate consonants or vowels, Vai is a syllabary, meaning each symbol represents an entire spoken syllable.

Serbian is written using both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, making it one of the few modern languages with two fully standardized writing systems used interchangeably in daily life. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was formally reformed in the 19th century by linguist Vuk Karadžić, who designed it around a simple principle: write as you speak, read as it is written.

N’Ko is a writing system created in 1949 by Solomana Kante for the Manding languages of West Africa, including Bambara, Maninka, and Dioula. It was designed specifically to give these languages a unified and phonetic writing system that reflects their spoken structure more accurately than Latin or Arabic-based scripts.

Romanian is a Romance language written using an extended form of the Latin alphabet. It evolved from Latin spoken in the Eastern Roman Empire and has preserved both classical Latin roots and Slavic influences, resulting in a uniquely balanced phonetic system.

Unlike standard Latin alphabets, Romanian includes diacritical characters such as ă, â, î, ș, ț. These marks are not decorative but represent distinct vowel and consonant sounds, making the writing system closely tied to pronunciation.

Icelandic is a modern North Germanic language written using an extended form of the Latin alphabet. It evolved from Old Norse and has preserved several unique characters that are no longer found in most other Latin-based writing systems, making it one of the most distinctive alphabetic systems in Europe.