Abugida

Devanagari is a writing system used for several languages of South Asia, including Hindi, Sanskrit, Marathi, and Nepali. It belongs to the Brahmic family of scripts and evolved from earlier scripts such as Brahmi through intermediate forms like Gupta and Nagari, reaching its modern standardized form between the 7th and 11th centuries CE.

Burmese is written using the Burmese script, a writing system derived from the Brahmic family of scripts that developed in Southeast Asia. Its origins trace back to the Mon and Pyu scripts, which were influenced by ancient Indian writing systems. The Burmese script became established between the 11th and 13th centuries CE during the rise of the Pagan Kingdom.

Telugu is written using the Telugu script, a member of the Brahmic family of scripts that developed in southern India. Its earliest recognizable forms emerged between the 6th and 7th centuries CE, evolving from the Bhattiprolu and Kadamba writing traditions into a distinct script used for the Telugu language.

Gujarati is written using the Gujarati script, an abugida system derived from the ancient Brahmi script. It evolved alongside the Devanagari family of scripts and became standardized in its modern form during the 19th century, particularly for printing and commercial use in western India.

Geʽez is an ancient Semitic language written using the Geʽez script, one of the oldest continuously used writing systems in the world. Originating in the Horn of Africa, the script first emerged in early inscriptions around the 4th century BCE and later evolved into a fully developed literary system used throughout the Kingdom of Aksum.

Khmer is written using the Khmer script, an abugida writing system

Unlike Latin-based alphabets, Khmer is built around consonant-based syllables, where each consonant carries an inherent vowel sound that can be modified or suppressed through additional vowel symbols. This creates a layered and structured syllabic system.

Lao is a Tai-Kadai language written using an abugida script closely related to the Thai writing system. It is the official language of Laos and uses a phonetic writing system where consonants form the base structure of syllables.

Unlike Latin-based alphabets, the Lao script is built from syllabic units, where each consonant carries an inherent vowel sound that can be modified or suppressed depending on the context. This creates a layered structure of written sound representation.

Thai script (อักษรไทย) is the writing system used for the Thai language. It was developed in the 13th century during the Sukhothai period, traditionally attributed to King Ramkhamhaeng. It evolved from earlier Old Khmer scripts, which themselves trace back to ancient Brahmic writing systems of India. Unlike simple alphabets, Thai is an abugida, meaning consonants carry an inherent vowel sound that can be modified using vowel marks placed above, below, before, or after the base letter.

Amharic is written using the ancient Geʽez script, one of the oldest continuously used writing systems in the world. Originating in the Horn of Africa, Geʽez first appeared as a consonant-based script around the 4th century CE, initially used for the liturgical language Geʽez before evolving into a fully developed writing system for modern Ethiopian and Eritrean languages such as Amharic, Tigrinya, and Tigre.