Long-Term Evolution

/ˌɛl tiː iː/

noun — "high-speed 4G mobile connectivity."

LTE , short for Long-Term Evolution, is a wireless broadband technology that provides high-speed data and improved capacity for mobile networks. It is part of the 4G standard and represents a major evolution from 3G networks, offering higher peak data rates, lower latency, and more efficient spectrum use. LTE is widely deployed worldwide to deliver mobile Internet, VoIP, video streaming, and enterprise connectivity over cellular networks.

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

/ˌeɪ diː ɛs ɛl/

noun — "high-speed Internet over ordinary phone lines."

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a type of DSL technology that provides broadband Internet access over existing copper telephone lines. The "asymmetric" designation means that download speeds are higher than upload speeds, reflecting typical consumer usage patterns where downloading content dominates uploading. ADSL enables simultaneous voice and data transmission by separating low-frequency voice signals from higher-frequency data signals.

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

/ˈdiː ɛs ɛl æm/

noun — "the network junction that aggregates DSL lines."

DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is a network device that collects multiple DSL connections from subscribers and aggregates them into a high-speed backbone link for transmission to an Internet service provider’s core network. It acts as a central hub that manages signal multiplexing, traffic routing, and line management, enabling efficient broadband delivery over existing copper telephone lines.

Multicast Listener Discovery

/ˌɛm ɛl diː/

noun — "tracking who wants multicast traffic on IPv6 networks."

MLD (Multicast Listener Discovery) is a network protocol used in IPv6 environments to manage membership in multicast groups. It allows routers to discover which hosts on a local network segment are interested in receiving multicast traffic and to stop forwarding multicast packets where no listeners exist. Functionally, MLD serves the same role in IPv6 that IGMP serves in IPv4, but it is tightly integrated into the IPv6 protocol suite.

Internet Group Management Protocol

/ˌaɪ dʒiː ɛm piː/

noun — "managing who joins and leaves network multicast groups."

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is a communications protocol used in IPv4 networks to manage membership in multicast groups. Multicast allows a single packet stream to be delivered efficiently to multiple recipients without sending separate copies to each host. IGMP enables hosts to report their interest in joining or leaving multicast groups to neighboring routers, which then control the distribution of multicast traffic across the network.