Output Buffering
/ˈaʊt.pʊt ˈbʌf.ər.ɪŋ/
noun — “the polite habit of not shouting results immediately, but waiting until it makes sense.”
I/O Stream
/ˌaɪ ˈoʊ striːm/
noun — “the digital river your data floats down.”
I/O Stream (Input/Output Stream) is an abstraction representing a flow of data between a program and an external source or destination, such as a file, device, or another program. Streams provide a uniform interface to read from or write to these resources, letting developers handle data sequentially without worrying about the underlying hardware specifics.
Standard Output
noun — “the default voice of a program.”
Standard Output, commonly abbreviated as stdout, is the default data stream where a program writes its normal output. When an application prints text to your terminal, returns the result of a command, or displays calculated data, it is sending that information to Standard Output. This stream exists independently of files or screens; it is simply a channel designed to carry ordinary program results.