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PostScript, short for Adobe PostScript, is a page description language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke at Adobe Systems in 1982. It is primarily used for desktop publishing, vector graphics, printing, and document layout in printers, typesetting systems, and graphics software. Developers and designers can use PostScript by installing compatible printers or software such as Ghostscript, which provides interpreters, converters, and tools for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

SVG, short for Scalable Vector Graphics, is an XML-based vector image format used for defining two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity and animation. It is widely used on the web, in applications, and for user interface graphics, allowing images to scale without losing quality. Developers can create and manipulate SVG files using text editors, graphics software like Inkscape or Adobe Illustrator, or programmatically through web technologies such as JavaScript and HTML.

XQuery, short for XML Query Language, is a functional, declarative language designed to query, transform, and construct XML data. It is widely used in web services, document databases, content management systems, and enterprise integration pipelines where XML is a primary data format.

Routing, short for Application Routing, is the mechanism by which web requests are mapped to specific code handlers, controllers, or actions in applications. It determines how URLs are interpreted and which backend logic responds to them. Routing is used across web frameworks in PHP, JavaScript, Java, and other environments.