Protocol

/ˌeɪɑːrˈkjuː/

noun — "a protocol that ensures reliable data delivery by retransmitting lost or corrupted packets."

/ˈdeɪtə trænzˈmɪʃən/

noun — "the transfer of digital or analog information between devices or systems."

/ˌeɪ ˈɛm/

noun … “sending sound by stretching and shrinking a carrier wave.”

/ˌɛs ɛs ˈeɪtʃ/

noun … “a secure protocol for remote command execution and communication over untrusted networks.”

/əkˌnɒlɪdʒˈmɛnt/

noun … “a signal or message confirming that data has been successfully received.”

acknowledgment is a critical concept in computing and networking that ensures reliable communication between systems or processes. When one system sends data, the recipient responds with an acknowledgment (often abbreviated as ACK) to confirm that the information has been successfully received, processed, or queued. This mechanism prevents data loss, supports error detection, and enables retransmission in case of failures.

/siː-dʌbəl-juː-ɑːr/

n. “A TCP header flag used to indicate that congestion has been acknowledged and the sender can resume normal transmission.”

/iː-siː-ɛn/

n. “A mechanism in TCP/IP networks for signaling congestion without dropping packets.”

ECN, short for Explicit Congestion Notification, is a feature of modern IP networks that allows routers and endpoints to signal network congestion to senders proactively. Instead of relying solely on packet loss to indicate congestion, ECN marks packets to alert the sender to slow down, improving network efficiency and reducing latency.

/iː-siː-iː/

n. “A TCP header flag used to indicate Explicit Congestion Notification.”

In the context of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), ECE (short for ECN Echo) is a flag that signals the detection of network congestion without dropping packets. It works in conjunction with Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) mechanisms to provide more efficient and controlled congestion management.

/ɜːr-dʒ/

n. “A TCP control flag indicating that certain data should be treated as urgent.”

In the context of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), URG (short for urgent) is a flag used to indicate that some of the transmitted data in a segment is urgent and should be prioritized by the receiving application. The flag works alongside the Urgent Pointer field in the TCP header to specify the position in the data stream where the urgent data ends.

Key characteristics of URG include:

/pʃ/

n. “A TCP control flag that instructs the receiving end to push buffered data to the application immediately.”

In the context of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), PSH (short for push) is a flag used to signal that the data being sent should be delivered to the receiving application immediately, without waiting to fill the buffer. This helps reduce latency for time-sensitive communication, ensuring data reaches the application as soon as possible.

Key characteristics of PSH include: